![]() Įxcept for Kearsarge, named by an act of Congress, all U.S. By the start of the 20th century, the United States Navy had in service or under construction the three Illinois-class and two Kearsarge-class battleships, making the United States the world's fifth strongest power at sea from a nation that had been 12th in 1870. Despite much later claims that these were to be purely defensive and were authorized as "coastal defense ships", they were almost immediately used for offensive operations in the Spanish–American War. The Navy Act of Jauthorized construction of a fourth "sea-going, coast-line battle ship", which became USS Iowa. Tracy, the Navy Act of J authorized the construction of "three sea-going, coast-line battle ships" which became the Indiana class. In 1890, Alfred Thayer Mahan's book The Influence of Sea Power upon History was published and significantly influenced future naval policy-as an indirect result of its influence on Secretary Benjamin F. Hunt to match Europe's navies that ignited a years-long debate that was suddenly settled in Hunt's favor when the Brazilian Empire commissioned the battleship Riachuelo. Texas and USS Maine, commissioned three years later in 1895, were part of the New Navy program of the late 19th century, a proposal by then Secretary of the Navy William H. The United States Navy began the construction of battleships with USS Texas in 1892, although its first ship to be designated as such was USS Indiana.
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